1.      Hakkinen, K., and Pakarinen, A. Acute hormonal responses to two different fatiguing heavy-resistance protocols in male athletes.   J. Appl. Physiol.  74: 882-887, 1993.                      

2.      Kraemer, W.J., Noble, B.J., Clark, M.J., and Culver, B.W. Physiologic responses to heavy-resistance exercise with very short rest periods. Int. J. Sports Med. Aug;8(4): 247-252, 1987.                 

3.      Raastad, Truls., Bjoro, Trine., and Hallen, Jostein.  Hormonal responses to high- and moderate-intensity strength exercise.  Eur.  J. Appl. Physiol. 82:121-128, 2000.

4.      Craig, B.W., Brown, R., and Everhart, J. Effects of progressive resistance training on growth hormone and testosterone levels in young and elderly subjects. Mech. Ageing Dev. Aug;49(2):159-69, 1989.    

5. Kraemer, W.J., Hakkinen, K., Newton, R.U., McCormick, M., Nindl, B.C., Volek, J.S., Gotshalk, L.A., Fleck, S.J., Campbell, W.W., Gordon, S.E., Farrell, P.A., and Evans, W.J. Acute hormonal responses to heavy resistance exercise in younger and older men. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Feb;77(3):206-11, 1998.    

6. Fahey TD, Rolph R, Moungmee P, Nagel J, Mortara S. Serum testosterone, body composition, and strength of young adults. Med Sci Sports. 1976 Spring;8(1):31-4.

7. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Med. 2005;35(4):339-61. Review.

8. Fry, A.C., Kraemer, W.J., Stone, M.H., Koziris, L.P., Thrush, J.T., and Fleck, S.J.  Relationships between serum Testosterone, cortisol, and weightlifting performance.  J. Strength Cond. Res. 14(3): 338-343, 2000.         

9.      Raastad, Truls., Bjoro, Trine., and Hallen, Jostein.  Hormonal responses to high- and moderate-intensity strength exercise.  Eur.  J. Appl. Physiol. 82:121-128, 2000.

10. Nindl BC, Kraemer WJ, Deaver DR, Peters JL, Marx JO, Heckman JT, Loomis GA. LH secretion and testosterone concentrations are blunted after resistance exercise in men. J Appl Physiol. 2001 Sep;91(3):1251-8.     

11. Lin, H., Wang, S.W., Wang, R.Y., and Wang, P.S. Stimulatory effect of lactate on testosterone production by rat Leydig cells. J. Cell Biochem. Jun 26-Jul 25;83(1):147-54, 2001.

12. Kraemer, R.R., Kilgore, J.L., Kraemer, G.R., and Castracane, V.D. Growth hormone, IGF-1, and testosterone responses to resistive exercise.  Med. Sci. Sports Exer. Vol. 24, No. 12, pp. 1346-1352, 1992. 

13. Shinohara K, Yanagisawa A, Kagota Y, Gomi A, Nemoto K, Moriya E, Furusawa E, Furuya K, Terasawa K. Physiological changes in Pachinko players; beta-endorphin, catecholamines, immune system substances and heart rate. Appl Human Sci. 1999 Mar;18(2):37-42.

14. Meyer G, Schwertfeger J, Exton MS, Janssen OE, Knapp W, Stadler MA, Schedlowski M, Kruger TH. Neuroendocrine response to casino gambling in problem gamblers. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 Nov;29(10):1272-80.

15. Sapolsky RM. Stress-induced elevation of testosterone concentration in high ranking baboons: role of catecholamines. Endocrinology. 1986 Apr;118(4):1630-5.

16. Schwab, R., Johnson, G.O., Housh, T.J., Kinder, J.E., and Weir, J.P. Acute effects of different intensities of weight lifting on serum testosterone. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. Dec;25(12):1381-5, 1993. 

17. Hakkinen, K., Pakarinen, A., Alen, M., Kauhanen, H., and Komi, P.V. Daily hormonal and neuromuscular responses to intensive strength training in 1 week. Int. J. Sports Med. Dec;9(6):422-8, 1988.         

18. Kraemer, W.J., Fry, A.C., Warren, B.J., Stone, M.H., Fleck, S.J., Kearney, J.T., Conroy, B.P., Maresh, C.M., Weseman, C.A., and Triplett, N.T.  Acute hormonal responses in elite junior weightlifters. Int. J. Sports Med. Feb;13(2):103-9, 1992.          

19. Raastad T, Glomsheller T, Bjoro T, Hallen J. Changes in human skeletal muscle contractility and hormone status during 2 weeks of heavy strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Jan-Feb;84(1-2):54-63.

20. Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kauhanen H, Komi PV. Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations in athletes to strength training in two years. J Appl Physiol. 1988 Dec;65(6):2406-12.

21. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Volek JS, Hakkinen K, Rubin MR, French DN, Gomez AL, McGuigan MR, Scheett TP, Newton RU, Spiering BA, Izquierdo M, Dioguardi FS. The effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance training overreaching. Metabolism. 2006 Mar;55(3):282-91.

22. Viru A, Viru M. Preconditioning of the performance in power events by endogenous testosterone: in memory of professor Carmelo Bosco. J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Feb;19(1):6-8. Review.

23. Kvorning T, Andersen M, Brixen K, Madsen K. Suppression of endogenous testosterone production attenuates the response to strength training: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded intervention study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec;291(6):E1325-32.

24. Kukkonen-Harjula K, Oja P, Laustiola K, Vuori I, Jolkkonen J, Siitonen S, Vapaatalo H. Haemodynamic and hormonal responses to heat exposure in a Finnish sauna bath. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1989;58(5):543-50.

25. Blackman MR, Sorkin JD, Munzer T, Bellantoni MF, Busby-Whitehead J, Stevens TE, Jayme J, O'Connor KG, Christmas C, Tobin JD, Stewart KJ, Cottrell E, St Clair C, Pabst KM, Harman SM. Growth hormone and sex steroid administration in healthy aged women and men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Nov 13;288(18):2282-92.

26. Giannoulis MG, Sonksen PH, Umpleby M, Breen L, Pentecost C, Whyte M, McMillan CV, Bradley C, Martin FC. The effects of growth hormone and/or testosterone in healthy elderly men: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Feb;91(2):477-84.

27. Mauras N, Hayes V, Welch S, Rini A, Helgeson K, Dokler M, Veldhuis JD, Urban, R.J. Testosterone deficiency in young men: marked alterations in whole body protein kinetics, strength, and adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab Jun;83(6):1886-92, 1998.

28. Deschenes MR, Kraemer WJ. Performance and physiologic adaptations to resistance training. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Nov;81(11 Suppl):S3-16. Review.

29. Kraemer WJ, Hakkinen K, Newton RU, Nindl BC, Volek JS, McCormick M, Gotshalk LA, Gordon SE, Fleck SJ, Campbell WW, Putukian M, Evans WJ. Effects of heavy-resistance training on hormonal response patterns in younger vs. older men. J Appl Physiol. 1999 Sep;87(3):982-92.

30. Kraemer WJ, Fry AC, Warren BJ, Stone MH, Fleck SJ, Kearney JT, Conroy BP, Maresh CM, Weseman CA, Triplett NT, et al. Acute hormonal responses in elite junior weightlifters. Int J Sports Med. 1992 Feb;13(2):103-9.

31. Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Bush JA, Incledon T, Boetes M. Testosterone and cortisol in relationship to dietary nutrients and resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1997 Jan;82(1):49-54.

32. Hansen S, Kvorning T, Kjaer M, Sjogaard G. The effect of short-term strength training on human skeletal muscle: the importance of physiologically elevated hormone levels. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001 Dec;11(6):347-54.

33. Hackney AC. The male reproductive system and endurance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Feb;28(2):180-9. Review.

34. Wheeler GD, Singh M, Pierce WD, Epling WF, Cumming DC. Endurance training decreases serum testosterone levels in men without change in luteinizing hormone pulsatile release. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Feb;72(2):422-5.

35. Izquierdo M, Ibanez J, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Hakkinen K, Ratamess NA, Kraemer WJ, French DN, Eslava J, Altadill A, Asiain X, Gorostiaga EM. Differential effects of strength training leading to failure versus not to failure on hormonal responses, strength, and muscle power gains. J Appl Physiol. 2006 May;100(5):1647-56.

36. Howie, B.J. AND T.D. Shultz. Dietary and hormonal interrelationships among vegetarian seventh-day adventists and nonvegetarian men. Am J Clin Nutr, 42: 127-134, 1985.

37. Key, T.J., L. Roe, M. Thorogood, J.W. Moore, G.M. Clark, AND D.Y. Wang. Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, calculated free testosterone, and oestradiol in male vegans and omnivores. Br J Nutr, 64: 111-119, 1990.

38. Longcope, C., H.A. Feldman, J.B. McKinlay, AND A.B. Araujo. Diet and sex hormone-binding globulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85: 293-296, 2000.

39. Sebokova, E., M.L. Garg, A. Wierzbicki, A.B. Thomson, AND M.T. Clandinin. Alteration of the lipid composition of rat testicular plasma membranes by dietary (n-3) fatty acids changes the responsiveness of leydig cells and testosterone synthesis. J Nutr, 120: 610-618, 1990.

40. Hamalainen, E., H. Adlercreutz, P. Puska, AND P. Pietinen. Diet and serum sex hormones in healthy men. J Steroid Biochem, 20: 459-464, 1984.

41. Wang C, Catlin DH, Starcevic B, Heber D, Ambler C, Berman N, Lucas G, Leung A, Schramm K, Lee PW, Hull L, Swerdloff RS. Low Fat High Fiber Diet Decreased Serum and Urine Androgens in Men* J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005.

42. Hill, P.B. AND E.L. Wynder. Effect of a vegetarian diet and dexamethasone on plasma prolactin, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women. Cancer Lett, 7: 273-282, 1979.

43. Hamalainen, E.K., H. Adlercreutz, P. Puska, AND P. Pietinen. Decrease of serum total and free testosterone during a low-fat high-fibre diet. J Steroid Biochem, 18: 369-370, 1983.